Electric Vehicles – Steve Morton

Driving an Electric Car

In the driving seat

Driving an electric car (EV) can be a unique and enjoyable experience. Here’s what you might notice:

Quiet Ride

One of the first things you’ll notice is the silence. EVs are much quieter than traditional internal combustion engine cars, creating a serene driving environment. This lack of engine noise makes the ride more relaxing and less stressful. At low speeds (less than 20 kph), all EVs have to generate some form of artificial ‘engine noise’ to make pedestrians aware of their presence. You can often select the type of ‘engine noise’ your EV uses.

Instant Torque

Electric motors provide instant torque, which means acceleration is smooth and quick. You’ll feel the car respond immediately when you press the accelerator, making for a more dynamic and enjoyable driving experience.

Most EVs intentionally limit their maximum top speed to just over the normal legal limit, but they do not lack performance (acceleration) below the speed limits. Usually, EVs offer different driving ‘modes’ such as Normal, Sport and Eco. These let you tailor the power delivery to the road conditions. You may find they limit the power used during acceleration and possibly the air conditioning/heating available a little, especially in Eco mode.

Regenerative Braking

EVs usually come with regenerative braking systems, which capture energy normally lost during braking and use it to recharge the battery. Braking can feel different from in a traditional internal combustion engine car, as EVs slow down more rapidly when you lift your foot off the accelerator.

Standard braking (friction brakes) – In traditional vehicles, pressing the brake pedal uses friction to slow down the wheels. This friction converts the vehicle’s kinetic energy into heat, which is lost to the environment.

Regenerative braking – When the driver applies the brakes or lifts their foot off the accelerator in an EV, the electric motor works in reverse. Instead of using power to drive the wheels, the motor acts as a generator, using the motion of the wheels to produce electricity. This electricity is then sent back to the battery to be stored and reused later for acceleration.

Benefits of regenerative braking:

- - - Energy efficiency – Captures energy that would otherwise be wasted.
    - Extended range – Helps electric vehicles go farther on a single charge.
    - Reduced brake wear – Less reliance on traditional friction brakes leads to lower maintenance costs.
    - More effective in urban driving where there are junctions, traffic lights and roundabouts than on long steady journeys on motorways

Limitations:

- - - Less effective at low speeds – Regenerative braking is more efficient at higher speeds.
    - Battery limits – If the battery is full or near capacity, it may not be able to accept more energy.

Blended braking systems – Most vehicles still use a combination of regenerative and friction braking for consistent performance.

Smooth and linear power delivery

EVs provide a smooth and consistent power delivery without the need for gear shifts. This creates a more seamless and uninterrupted driving experience.

Lower centre of gravity

With batteries typically mounted low in the chassis, EVs often have a lower centre of gravity. This improves handling and stability, making the car feel more planted on the road.

No Emissions

This is one of the biggest differences between an EV and an internal combustion engine car. Driving an EV means producing no tailpipe emissions, which is much better for the environment and gives you a sense of contributing to a cleaner future with a less polluted environment.

Charging Convenience

Instead of needing to find and often queue at a service station, you will most probably be charging your EV at home or at a public charging station. These can be found at supermarkets, retail parks and public spaces. No more standing by smelly fuel pumps!

Advanced Technology

Many EVs come equipped with the latest technology, including advanced infotainment systems, connectivity features, and driver-assistance systems.

The overall driving experience of an EV can be incredibly satisfying, combining the thrill of instant acceleration with the tranquillity of a quieter cabin. Plus, knowing you’re driving a vehicle that’s better for the planet in the long term is a great bonus!

Next Month: I’ll be looking at hybrid vs. plug-in hybrid vs. full EV to discuss which might be best for you…

How to charge your electric vehicle

There are several types of charging points for electric cars, each offering different speeds and capabilities. Here’s a breakdown:

Types of Charging Points

1. Level 1 AC Charging (7 kW Slow Charging): This is the most basic type of charging, typically using a standard household outlet or a type 2 connector (Single Phase Mains). It’s slow and usually takes about 8-20 hours to fully charge an EV.
2. Level 2 AC Charging (22 kW Fast Charging): These chargers use a 3 phase 240V outlet and can charge an EV much faster, typically within 4-8 hours. However, not many houses have a 3-phase supply.
3. DC Fast Charging (24 kW or Higher Rapid Charging): These provide a high-power direct current (DC) and can charge an EV to 80% in about 30 minutes to an hour. They are commonly found at public charging stations and along main roads and autoroutes.
4. Ultra-Rapid Charging (>100 kW): These are the fastest chargers available, providing power at 100 kW or more. They can add significant range in just 15-30 minutes.

How to Use Them

1. Locate a charging point: Use apps like Zap-Map, Electromaps, Electroverse, or your car’s navigation system to find nearby charging stations.
2. Connect the charger: For Level 1 and Level 2 chargers, you’ll need to connect your own cable – the one that came with the car when you bought it – to the charger. By contrast, for DC fast chargers, the cable is usually tethered to the charger.
3. Start charging: Follow the instructions on the charger or the app you’re using. You may need to scan a QR code or use a contactless card or fob to start the charging session.
  Instructions are often in a pictorial format so you don’t need to worry about what language they are in. You can often change the display language on the charger screen if there is one.
4. Monitor the charge: Keep an eye on the charging progress through the app or the charger’s display. Most will notify you when the charging is complete.
5. Stop the charge: Once your car is fully charged or you need to leave, stop the charge using the app or on the charger’s interface. Depending on the charger, you may need to ‘tap out’ by holding your card up to the card reader on the charging unit.
6. Payment: Pay for the charging session through the app, contactless card, or other payment methods provided by the charging network. If you have set up an account such as with AlterBase within the Deux-Sèvres, payment is taken from your bank account. Fast and Ultra Fast chargers will often accept bank cards/credit cards for payment.
7. Charging speed: The speed of charging also depends on the battery temperature and the level of charge of the battery. The fastest charging is often between 20% and 80% state of charge and charging slows down above 80% to avoid overheating the battery and causing long term damage. For most daily use, it’s more economical to limit your charging to a maximum of 80% and only charge to 100% for long journeys.

In some local areas, there are only low power AC chargers. These work well for a top-up whilst you go and have lunch or do some shopping. However, you will need some form of contactless card for the charging network (not a merely a bank card) to use them.

In Deux Sèvres, consider signing up with AlterBase which has the most widespread network in the department. They have just revised their contracts and now have an app and a smart key fob that can be used at each charger.

Using public charging points can seem overwhelming at first, but with a little practice, it becomes second nature. To find fellow EV in the area where you can share information and ask questions, do consider joining the Deux-Sèvres EV Owners Facebook group https://www.facebook.com/groups/dsevowners/.

Planning a long journey in an EV

Planning a long journey in an electric car requires some thoughtful preparation to ensure a smooth and enjoyable trip. Here are some key tips to consider:

1. Charge Before You Go: Start your journey with a fully charged battery. This will give you the maximum range and reduce the need for frequent stops early in your trip.
2. Plan Your Route: Use an EV route planning tool like A Better Route Planner (ABRP) https://abetterrouteplanner.com to map out your journey. These tools can help you locate charging stations along your route and estimate charging times.
3. Know Your Range

- - Check your real-world range, not just the manufacturer’s claim. Cold weather, speed, hills, and air conditioning can affect this.
  - Leave some buffer—plan to recharge when you’re at ~20% battery to avoid anxiety.

1. Charging Strategy: Follow the three golden rules for charging on EV road trips:

- - Stop rapid charging around 80% full, as charging beyond this point takes much longer.
  - Plan to stop before your battery hits 20% to avoid stress and maintain battery health.
  - Choose reliable charging networks like PowerDot, Total Engeries, Instavolt, Osprey, MFG, and Gridserve.

1. Overnight Charging: If possible, choose accommodation with charging facilities. This allows you to charge your car overnight and start each day with a full battery.
2. Pre-Trip Checks: Make sure your EV is in good condition before setting off. Check tyre pressure, fluid levels, and ensure your charging cables are in good working order.
3. Drive Efficiently: Driving at a steady speed and avoiding rapid acceleration can help maximize your range. Slowing down slightly can also make a significant difference in your energy consumption.
4. Be Prepared for Delays: Make allowances for broken or occupied chargers. Having a backup plan for charging stops can save you from unexpected delays.
5. Prepare for Weather Conditions

- - Cold weatherreduces range—precondition your car while plugged in and use heated seats instead of cabin heating.
  - Hot weather? Pre-cool your car while charging and park in the shade.

1. Use Charging Time Wisely

- - Plan charging stops at places with amenities: cafes, restaurants, shops, or scenic spots.
  - Stretch, relax, and enjoy—it’s part of the EV travel experience!

1. Costs: Be aware that the cost of public charging is cheaper in France than it is in UK, therefore consider charging before you get on the boat, or travel through the Channel Tunnel.
2. Stay Informed: Familiarise yourself with your EV’s range, charging capabilities, and energy efficiency. Understanding your vehicle’s data, such as battery level and range estimations, will help you make informed decisions on the road.

By following these tips, you can enjoy a stress-free and eco-friendly journey in your electric car. Safe travels!

Is an Electric Car Right for Everyone?

Electric vehicles (EVs) have gained significant popularity in recent years due to their environmental benefits, lower operating costs and advanced technology. However, while EVs can be an excellent choice for many people, they are not necessarily the right fit for everyone. Whether an EV is a good choice depends on factors such as driving habits, charging access, budget and climate.

Who Benefits Most from an EV?

✅ Daily Commuters and Urban Drivers

EVs are ideal for people who mostly drive short to moderate distances each day, such as commuting to work or running errands around the city. Most modern EVs offer ranges between 240 and 500 kilometres per charge, which is more than enough for daily driving needs. Additionally, regenerative braking, which recaptures energy when slowing down, makes EVs particularly efficient in stop-and-go urban traffic.

✅ Homeowners with Charging Access

One of the most convenient aspects of owning an EV is the ability to charge it at home. Homeowners with a garage or driveway can install a Level 2 home charger, which allows for overnight charging. This eliminates the need to visit public charging stations regularly and makes EV ownership much more practical.

✅ Eco-Conscious Consumers

EVs are an excellent option for people looking to reduce their carbon footprint. Unlike petrol- and diesel-powered cars, EVs produce zero exhaust emissions. Even though electricity production may still involve fossil fuels, EVs generally have a lower overall environmental impact compared to internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. Moreover, as the grid uses increasingly greener sources, EVs will become even more environmentally sustainable.

✅ Drivers Looking to Save on Fuel and Maintenance Costs

Although EVs can have higher upfront costs, they tend to be cheaper to operate over time. Electricity is typically more affordable than petrol, and EVs require far less maintenance—no oil changes, fewer moving parts, and less wear and tear on the brakes. Over several years, these savings can add up, making an EV a cost-effective option in the long run.

Who Might Face Challenges with an EV?

❌ Long-Distance and Rural Drivers

If you regularly drive longer distances or live in an area with limited charging points, an EV might not be the most practical choice. While public fast-charging networks are rapidly expanding, they are still not as widespread as petrol stations. Charging on long trips takes more time than a quick petrol station stop, and in rural areas, charging stations may be scarcer.

❌ Flat Dwellers and Those Without Reliable Charging Access

If you don’t have a home charger, relying on public charging stations can be inconvenient. While more flats, retailers and workplaces are installing EV chargers, they are not yet available everywhere. If you need to depend solely on public chargers, the experience can be time-consuming and sometimes expensive.

❌ Buyers on a Tight Budget

While EVs can save money on fuel and maintenance, the initial cost is often higher than that of a traditional fossil fuel-powered vehicle. Although government incentives and rebates can help offset the price, they may not be available for all models. For those with a limited budget, a hybrid or a fuel-efficient petrol-powered car might still be a more affordable option.

Conclusion: Should You Buy an EV?

As technology improves and charging networks expand, EVs will become an even more viable option for a wider range of drivers. Here in France, the government is encouraging uptake with grants for vehicle purchase and for installing a charging point at home. Manufacturers are starting to bring in new, smaller models and supporting leasing deals for drivers with more modest incomes.

Glossary of words associated with Electric Vehicles

- DC – Direct Current. The battery in most EV’s are 400 Volts D.C.
- AC – Alternating Current – Your home mains supply is typically 220-240 Volts A.C. EV’s can be connected to AC mains, but the charge rate is much lower than a DC charger and therefore it takes longer.

Electric Vehicles – An Introduction

Unless you live in one of the larger towns or cities in Deux-Sèvres, you’re unlikely to have easy access to public transport, so owning a car is almost essential to your life in France.

If you watch any French TV, you’ll notice that nearly all of the advertisements for cars are for electric vehicles, occasionally for hybrid cars and none for petrol or gazole (diesel) cars.

The EU has declared that the sale of new petrol/diesel cars will end in 2035. However, that doesn’t mean that you won’t be able to buy petrol and diesel after that date nor we will see the complete end of internal combustion engines (ICE) from then onwards. Existing cars and the sale of older petrol and diesel cars will still be permitted after 2035. (See https://www.europarl.europa.eu/topics/en/article/20221019STO44572/eu-ban-on-sale-of-new-petrol-and-diesel-cars-from-2035-explained)

The decline in production of new petrol and diesel cars has already started with manufacturers moving across to hybrid and fully electric cars and vans.

Also, there is an increasing number of zones à faibles émissions (ZFEs or low emission zones) in France where cars and vans are required to display Crit Air stickers. Some classes of vehicles are now banned from entering and circulating within town and city boundaries.

One example is Rouen which is on a popular route for people travelling back to UK from Deux-Sèvres via the ferries or the Channel Tunnel. It has a ZFE which covers the major routes through the city, even on the ones that bypass the city centre. You have to have a fairly recent diesel vehicle of Class 3 or lower otherwise you might face a fine of €68 for a car or €135 for a heavy vehicle.

I will say up front that driving an electric vehicle is quite a change, especially if like me you have been driving a petrol/diesel car for a few decades, initially a manual and more recently an automatic. There are many things you will need to know before you take the leap to the ‘other side’

- What is it like to own and drive an electric car?
- Should you consider a hybrid instead?
- What are the advantages of going fully electric?
- What should you consider when buying an electric car?
- How do you charge your electric or plug-in hybrid car?
- ‘I don’t understand all this new terminology, Volts, Amps Kilowatts, etc…’
- How far can I travel before I need to recharge and does it take a long time?

All these questions and more I hope to cover in more detail in the next few months here in The Deux-Sèvres Monthly.

What makes me qualified to report on this topic? I went over to the ‘other side’ two years ago. I had been interested in electric vehicles for a number of years before that. I’m a retired radio communications engineer with an electronics background, so the technology wasn’t too difficult to grasp.

I hope I can share my experience and understanding with all the readers considering going electric. I’ll be breaking the topic down into bite size chunks and hopefully help you to make your own decisions about going electric.

Glossary of words associated with Electric Vehicles

- ICE – Internal Combustion Engine – Petrol or Diesel or LPG (Liquid Petroleum Gas) (GPL in French)
- EV (VE) – Electric Vehicle (Voiture Électrique)
- BEV – Battery Electric Vehicle – Full electric, no petrol or diesel engine – Zero Emissions
- HEV – Hybrid Electric Vehicle, the vehicle typically will have a petrol engine as well as an electric motor and battery. The battery is charged from the engine or motor on deceleration
- PHEV – Plug In Hybrid Electric, the vehicle will have a petrol engine and a larger battery than an HEV, but the battery can also be recharged by plugging it in to a mains supply as well as it being charged on deceleration.